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Objective:To analyze the clinical teachers′ cognitive evaluation of the residency training system and faculty competency through a survey , which in the standardized residency training bases of Zhejiang province, in the hope of providing a basis for exploring and reforming the training and the mechanism.Methods:A web-based questionnaire survey was made from December 2017 to December 2019 on clinical teachers at training bases in Zhejiang province. Data cleaning and statistical analysis were made under Anaconda1 9.7, multiple groups of numerical variables were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and classified variables were subject to χ2 analysis, while the analysis was carried out after binarization in the statistical calculation of multi-choice items. Results:3 141 of valid questionnaires were received. The clinical teachers at large highly recognize the competency degree expected of the teachers, while those items of relatively lower recognition were " the ability to regularly publish research papers" " the ability to guide the trainees′ living style" , and " the ability to use multimedia teaching materials" (41.13%, 46.23%, and 47.02% respectively). 77.36% of the teachers reported that they need coordination and management ability training, while 83.38% need teaching ability training. The proportion of teachers in need of teaching ability training was influenced by both professional title( χ2=18.703, P < 0.001)and seniority( χ2=14.471, P=0.006). For the subjective criteria by the teachers on faculty competency assessment criteria, the scoring ranks from high to low were clinical ability, medical ethics, and teaching awareness(8.91±1.35, 8.86±1.52 and 8.64±1.47 respectively). For the operability criteria, the scoring ranks from high to low were professional title, education, and faculty training(8.47±1.80, 8.36±1.86 and 8.19±1.91 respectively), while the outcomes were influenced by the administrative title, professional title and seniority( P < 0.05). Only 39.03% and 33.37% of clinical teachers were satisfied or somewhat satisfied with the existing incentives for residency training. Conclusions:The teachers′ recognition of the criteria for faculty competency evaluating and the need for teacher training were influenced by their characteristics, and they were unsatisfied with the existing incentive policies. These suggest comprehensive factors in formulating the evaluation standards, and measures for progressive faculty training and for improved incentive policies.
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Objective:To study the mechanism of protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats through promoting vascular action mediated by VEGF, promoting osteogenesis, and inhibiting bone resorption.Methods:An animal experiment of 24 SD rats in total were divided into three groups: the osteoporosis group (20 mg/kg BW of methylprednisolone biwim for 6 weeks); the EPO group (MP 20 mg/kg biw+EPO 500 u/kg qdim); the nature salt group (0.9%NS). After 12 weeks, rats were harvested and received examination of histology (HE staining) for demonstration of protective effect, immunohistochemistry with CD31 stainingfor microvascular changes ,changes of VEGF and PCNA expressions using Western Boltfor microvascular and cell proliferation, and ELISA to detectOPN, PINP, CTX-1 in serumasbone turnover marker.Results:Hematoxylin and eosin staining in the model group showed that the bony trabeculae had become obviously narrow and sparse with discontinuity of the integrity. The integrity of the trabeculae was better in the EPO group. Immunohistochemical results: the EPO group CD31+ cell 16.60±4.88, the osteoporosis group 12.96±4.54, the NS group 25.84±7.97. CD31 expression was higher in the EPO group than the osteoporosis group. Western Bolt: in the NS groupthe ratio of VEGF/β-actin greyscalewas 0.570±0.022, with the osteoporosis group 0.446±0.083 and the EPO group 0.584±0.009; The ratio of PCNA/β-actingreyscale was 0.541±0.158 in the NS group, withthe osteoporosis group 0.187±0.099, the EPOgroup 0.733±0.257. VEGF and PCNA expression in the EPO group were higher than those in the osteoporosis group. ELISA: OPN results: the NS group 78.34±17.28 pg/ml, the osteoporosis group 368.48±97.23 pg/ml, the EPO group 217.62±39.11 pg/ml; P1NP results: the NS group 1 507.00±58.49 ng/ml, the osteoporosis group 1 196.00±91.32 ng/ml, the EPO group 1 621.00±65.57 ng/ml; CTX-1 results: the NS group 27.10±4.78 ng/ml, the osteoporosis group 39.46±9.23 ng/ml, the EPO group 31.17±4.11 ng/ml. The level of OPN and CTX-1 in the EPO group were lower than that in the osteoporosis group, and P1NP was higher than that in the osteoporosis group.Conclusion:EPO generates certain protective effect on bone of rats withglucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Its potential mechanism is to promote vascular action, promote osteogenesis, and inhibit bone resorption.
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Objective Set up a new performance management system with JCI standard that designed for improvement of nursing research.Methods Based on JCI standard,the new system was designed to be performed separately.Re-design a performance appraisal plan that will take account into nursing workload,care quality,nursing risk,nursing research,personal comprehensive quality etc.Results The average performance of the nurses in 42 wards had increased by 24.64％.In this system,research project application,and paper publishing was significantly improved.Projects Standardization was also improved.Enthusiasm of continuing education increased.Conclusions The system is helpful to improve the quality of nursing research.It can also help to assure the occupational stability of the clinical nurses and enthusiasm of nursing research.
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Objective To assess the efficienty of operation in humeral intercondylar fractures by section, reposition, internal fixation by composition nail and replacement of elbow joint. Methods From January, 1999 to May, 2009, Forty-six cases of the humeral intercondylar fracture were treated with operation. Thirty-eight cases were followed for 17 months. Their affected elbow joint function were evaluated by Cassebaum rating system, patients treated with total elbow replacement evaluated by Mayo elbow score, DASH score additionally. Results According to Cassebaum rating system,there were 22 cases rated as excellent,eight cases rated as good,five cases rated as poor,three case rated as poor. The fineness rate is 78. 9% (30/38). Mayo score in patients with joint replacement ranged from 75.0 - 90. 0, averaged 84. 4 ± 1.7. DASH score ranged from 25.0 to 75.0,averaged 41. 1 ±0. 8. There was 1 case of superficial soft tissue nonhealing and 2 cases of ulna nerve symptoms. Myodynamia in elbow joint bend and stretch was Ⅳ in 1 cases. Conclusion It is a good method to treat the humeral intercondylar fracture with rational use of open reduction or elbow replacement according to fracture type and patient condition.
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Combination disease and syndrome to construct animal model must be accord with the diagnosis and treatment mode of tradition Chinese medicine (TCM). The construct ion method should abide by the mode of combination prescription, syndrome, disease and efficacy. Prescription refers to those classic and effective formula. Syndrome refers to the symptoms and signs of prescription. Disease refers to model medical disease. Efficacy refers to the results of treatment. Constructing animal model should choose the classical prescription and formulate the clinical signs and symptoms. According to the main pathological process of modem diseases related to the syndrome to mine the methods of constructing animal models to express the main signs and symptoms, at last to testify the efficacy through the corresponding prescription. This method of constructing animal model is not only accord to the mode of diagnosis and treatment of TCM, but also affords a certain example of constructing animal model of combination model disease and syndrome.
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Animals , Humans , Diagnosis , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
This study is designed to theoretically evaluate the treatment effects of MEAW with tip back bends on the mandible dentition when used as a finishing archwire without elastic and with long class III elastics respectively, and to compare them with those of stainless-steel wire and shape-memory wire. The finite element analysis (FEA) method was adopted and the findings were as follows: (1) In the case of no elastics, the MEAW rotates the second premolar, the first molar and the second molar distally while rotating other teeth mesially, and depresses anterior teeth. However, the stainless-steel wire and the shape-memory wire rotate molars distally while rotating other teeth mesially. Furthermore, they extrude anterior teeth and depress posterior teeth. (2) The MEAW with tip back bends and long class III elastics inclines and rotates posterior teeth more distally than the MEAW with only tip back bends does. In the case of tip back bends and long class III elastics loaded together, the shape-memory wire inclines teeth in greater strength as compared with the stainless-steel wire. (3) The stress level of tooth root is the lowest with MEAW, the highest with stainless-steel wire, and is middle with the shape-memory wire. From these results, it is suggested that: (1) The MEAW therapy technique is effective for leveling the curve of Spee and regulating tooth respectively. (2) The MEAW therapy technique can transfer therapy force efficiently. (3) The MEAW is considered to be suitable for treating openbite malocclusion to make the posterior teeth upright because it effectively rotates teeth distally through the force of posterior bends and long class III elastics. (4) The loaded force on the teeth is more soft and permanent in the MEAW than in the stainless-steel wire and the shape-memory wire.
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Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Finite Element Analysis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Malocclusion , Therapeutics , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Orthodontic Brackets , Orthodontic Wires , Orthodontics, Corrective , Methods , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
Hydrolysate of Area subcrenata (HA) was found to be effective in lowering the elevated SGPT level induced by carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide (TAA) and pred-nisolone. In addition, HA was shown to shorten sodium pentobarbital sleeping time in both normal and carbon tetrachloride intoxicated mice. The results indicated that HA possessesa significantl protective action on liver injuries in mice.
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Objective To observe the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of CNZ,an optimized prescrition of Liushen Wan based on our previous studies,so as to provide some pharmacological evidence for its further clinical use. Methods Both acetic-acid-induced increased mouse vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced mouse footpad edema were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of CNZ.Meanwhile,its analgesic activity was evaluated in mice model of pain induced by thermal stimulus and acetic acid.The above activities were compared with those of Liushen Wan.Results CNZ significantly reduced acetic-acid-induced dye leakage at the doses of 16,32 and 64mg/kg after single oral administration.Meanwhile,CNZ at the two higher doses also markedly inhibited carrageenan-induced foot- pad edema,which exerted the strongest effect at 3 hours after carrageenan injection,and lasted over 5 hours.On the other hand,CNZ remarkably suppressed acetic-acid-induced writhing response at low,moderate-and high-doses, and significantly prolonged pain threshold in hot plate assay at moderate-and high-doses 0.5 hour after oral adminis- tration,lasting over 3 hours.Overall,its potency was similar to that of Liushen Wan.Conclusion CNZ has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
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Objective To explore the proper proportion of effective fractions in Shengmaisan(saponins of Radix ginseng,saponins of Radix ophiopogonis,Lignans of Fructus schisandrae)in different anoxia models.Methods Acute cerebral hypoxia was induced by sodium nitrite and decapitation in mice,and the orthogonal design was used in these two models to find the proper proportion of three effective fractions.The gasping time of the mice,which were decapitated was observed to compare the anti-anoxia effects of XZF with other clinical drugs,and cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury model of mice was also used to study the effect of XZF on related biochemical index.Results XZF(the proportion of saponins of Radix ginseng,saponins of Radix ophiopogonis,Lignans of Fructus schisandrae as 7 ∶ 2 ∶ 6)significantly prolonged the gasping time,and decreased brain nitrogen monoxidum(NO)content after reperfusion of the mice at dosages of 50 mg/kg and 150mg/kg.Meanwhile,XZF also reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity at the higher dosage.Conclusion XZF obtained by experimental screening exerts a significant protective effect on cerebral ischemia injury in mice,which provide some pharmacological evidence for further development of new modern Chinese drug composed with effective fractions for cerebral vascular diseases.
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AIM: To determine the total saponins in Shengmai Powders. METHODS: After comparing three chromogenic method, perchloric acid choosed as the chromogenic agent to determine total saponins. RESULTS: The content of total saponins in Shengmai Powder preparation Xindekang Granules was 6.14%. CONCLUSION: The method of perchloric acid is simple, relatively precise and reproducible. It is a reliable method for evaluating the quality of Shengmai Powders.
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Objective: To observe the effect of DSP on three models of memory dysfunction,so as to provide evidence for its potential therapeuticaction for senile dementia.Methods: Three kinds of memory dysfunction are induced by scopolamine,reserpine and ovariectomy respectively,and memory ability is measured through step through and water maze tests.Meanwhile AchE activity in front cortex, hippocampus,striatum and limlic lobe of rats injected scopalamine is determined.Results: DSP can significantly prolong the step through latency,and decrease AchE activity in different parts of rats injeted scopalamine.And DSP can remarkably prolong latency,and increase uterus index of mice after ovariectomy.On the other hand,DSP can shorten water maze latency,enhance the correction percentage of mice injected reserpine.Conclusions:DSP can improve the memory dysfunction possibly through below pathways:(1)enhance the cholinergic system;(2)antagonize the decrease of monoamino transmitter;(3)has the possible estrogen like action.
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Objective: To study the factors affecting the content of magnolol which is one of the main active components in Magnolia Bark Three Agents Decoction. Methods: The contents of magnolol in extracts of Magnalia Bark Three Agents Decoction (medicinal materids were decocted alone, together or in different compatibleness, and residuals) were determined by HPLC. The effects of use amount of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, decoction time, and extraction times on magnolol content were studied by orthogonal design.Results: The content of magnolol in Magnolia Bark Three Agents Decoction of which medicinal materials were decocted together was over double that of which they were decocted alone. The dissolution sate of magnolol increased with the increasing of the use amount of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and extraction times. Conclusion: Fructus Aurantii Immaturuns and extraction times are the main factors affecting magnolol content in Magnolia Bark Three Agents Decoction.
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AIM: To observe the difference of actions among three traditional compl ex prescriptions with the same composition but the different dosage, including X iaochengqi Decoction, Houpudahuang Decoction and Houpusanwu Decoction, so as to provide evidence for their different clinical applications. METHODS: A series of experiments were performed, including carbon p rop ellance in small intestine, black stool excretion, cough induced by ammonia liqu or and phenol red secretion from trachea. RESULTS: Three prescriptions all enhanced carbon propellance in sma ll intestine at the high dosage, while at the low dosage only Houpusanwu Decoct ion showed the significant effect. They all shortened the latency of black stool a nd increased their total amounts in 6 hours at the high dosage, while at the low dosage Xiaochengqi Decoction and Houpudahuang Decoction had the significant p urgative action. Houpudahuang Decoction remarkably prolonged cough latency, dec reased cough times and enhanced phenol red secretion from trachea, while other t wo prescriptions had no obvious effects. CONCLUSION: Such results showed that Xiaochengqi Decoction had the better purgative action, while Houpusanwu Decoction regulated Qi strongerly, a nd Houpudanghuang Decoction showed the marked actions of relieving cough and re solving phlegm.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of Origin-Preserving Decoction on the proliferation of marrow hematopoietic cells in aplastic anemia mice. Methods:Based on experimental AA models induced by Benzene and 60Co radiation in mice, the experiments including semi-solid colony culture (CFU-GM、CFU-E、BFU-E) and liquid culture (MTT Assay) were undertaken to investigate the effects of Origin-Preserving Decoction on the proliferation of marrow hematopoietic cells in AA mice. Results:Origin-Preserving Decoction (3g/kg) (ig.) could improve the outputs of CFU-GM, CFU-E and BFU-E in AA mice damaged by benzene and 60Co radiation: MTT assay showed that Origin-Preserving Decoction could stimulate the hematopoeisis of bone marrow of AA mice radiated by 60Co. Conclusions: Origin-Preserving Decoction has a good future for AA therapy.
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AIM: To isolate,identify and screen active compounds of simplitied formula of Danggui Shaoyao Power(poria,Rhizoma Atracty-lodis Macrocephalae,and Radix Angeliae Sinensis). METHODS: Compounds in the fraction of CO_2 supercritical fluid extraction(SFE-CO_2) were isolated by silica gel chromatography and detected the protective effect on KCl-induced PC12 cell damage. RESULTS: Twelve compounds were obtained,and nine of them were identified as atractylenolide Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,biatractylenolide,levistolid A,pachymic acid,ferulic acid,?-sitosterol and ?-daucosterol,of which only atractylenolide Ⅲ can improve the cell viability significantly. CONCLUSION: Atractylenolide Ⅲ may be one of the active compounds of FBD in curing vascular dementia.